1910考期自考英语二第十二单元B课文精讲
发布时间：2019-10-02 23:48:53 来源：自考网嗨，同学们好，又到我们的学习时间了~
1904考期我们取得的成绩还是很不错的
为了帮助更多的通过顺利通过1910考期考试
我们从今天开始更新1904考期自考本科公共课的学习教程
今天，我们要学习的00015自考英语二第十二单元B部分的课文精讲，同学们一定要做好笔记认真听讲，我们开始啦~
点上方绿标即可收听第一单元A部分朗读音频
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课文文本：
Self-Esteem and Body Image
I'm fat. I'm too skinny.I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, asmaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs.
Do any of these statementssound familiar?（承上句） Are you used to puttingyourself down(贬低;使出丑)? If so,you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of（大量的）changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does your imageof yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect theirself-esteem.
Why Are Self-Esteem andBody Image Important?
Self-esteem is all abouthow much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and howworthwhile(=worthy) they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling goodabout yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem willmake friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoylife more.
Body image is how someonefeels about his or her own physical appearance. For many people, especiallythose in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem.That's because as kids develop into teens, they care more about how others seethem.
What Influences a Person'sSelf-Esteem?
Puberty(青春期)
Some teens struggle withtheir self-esteem when they begin puberty because the body goes through manychanges. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, meanit can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others. They maycompare themselves with the people around them or with actors and celebs theysee on TV, in movies, or in magazines.
But it's impossible tomeasure ourselves against(对照…评价;同…较量) others because the changes that come with puberty are differentfor everyone.（承上启下句、主题句）Some people start developingearly; others are late bloomers(成熟者). Some get atemporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt（急剧增长）; others fill out(长胖) permanently, and stillothers feel like(感觉象是;摸起来如同;想要) they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. It all depends onhow our genes have programmed(规划) our bodies to act.
The changes that come withpuberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girlsmay feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others maywish that they were developing faster. Girls may feet pressure to be thin butguys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough.
Outside Influences
It's not just developmentthat affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors (like media images ofskinny girls and bulked-up身材魁梧的guys) can affect a person's body image too.
Family life can sometimesinfluence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids andthe way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to developgood self-esteem.
People also may experiencenegative comments and hurtful teasing(取笑)about the way they look from classmates and peers. Sometimes racial and ethnicprejudice is the source of such comments. Although these often come fromignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem.
Healthy Self-Esteem
If you have a positive bodyimage, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthyattitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developinggood friendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challengingyourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can helpboost your self-esteem.
A positive, optimisticattitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying,"Hey, I'm human" instead of "Wow, I'm such a loser" whenyou've made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don't go as expected.
Knowing what makes youhappy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and incontrol of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such asexercising and eating right) are a great combination for building goodself-esteem.
Tips for Improving YourBody Image
Some people think they needto change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually allyou need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think aboutyourself.
The first thing to do isrecognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color itcomes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, check with yourdoctor to verify that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your ownwhat your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.
Next, identify whichaspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't.Everyone (even the most perfect-seeming celeb) has things about themselves thatthey can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or theirshoe size.
If there are things aboutyourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this bymaking goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan toexercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progressuntil you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a greatway to boost self-esteem!
课文翻译
自尊和自身形象
我很胖。我太瘦了。要是我能再高一点我就开心了。要是我能再矮一点我就开心了。要是我是卷发我就开心了。要是我是直发我就开心了。要是我的鼻子能再小一点我就开心了。要是我的肌肉能再发达点我就开心了。要是我的腿能再长点我就开心了。
这些表述听起来熟悉吗?你经常贬损自己吗?如果是，那也不是你一个人这么做。十几岁的时候，你的身体会经历大量的变化。你的身体改变了，你的个人形象也改变了。很多人都很难调整适应这些变化，这就会影响到他们的自尊。
为什么自尊和自身形象这么重要?
自尊就是关于人们如何评价自己，他们对自己的自豪感以及他们觉得自己的重要程度。自尊非常重要，因为自我感觉是否良好会影响到你的行为。自尊心强的人交朋友会比较容易，更能控制自己的行为，也更会享受生活。
自身形象就是一个人对自己的外表感觉如何。对很多人来说，尤其是刚十几岁的时候，自身形象和自尊心的关系紧密，这是因为随着孩子们步入青春期，他们会更在意别人怎么看他们。
什么会影响一个人的自尊?
青春期
一些十几岁的孩子会在青春期开始时在自尊这个问题上比较纠结，这是由于他们的身体经历着许多变化造成的。身体上的变化，加上希望得到认可的内在渴望意味着他们会很难不把自己和其他人比较。他们可能会把自己和身边的人比较，也可能会和在电视上、电影里或是杂志上看到的演员或名人来比较。
但是把我们和其他人作比较是不可能的，因为在青春期的变化每个人都是不尽相同的。有些人会成熟得早，有些人成熟得晚。有些人可能因为生长发育会暂时发福，有些人可能一直都会很胖，还有一些人不管吃多少都会很纤瘦。这完全取决于我们的基因怎么样控制我们的身体去变化。
青春期里这样的变化会影响女孩和男孩对他们自己的看法。有些女孩可能会因为发育得快而觉得不舒服或者尴尬。还有人可能还希望他们能发育得更快一点。女孩们可能在保持纤瘦方面感到有压力，男孩们可能会担心他们看起来不够高大或者强壮。
外界影响
并不是只有发育会影响他们的自尊心。许多其他的因素也能影响个人的自身形象，比如媒体中纤瘦的女孩们或是身材魁梧的男孩们的形象。
家庭生活有时也会影响自尊心。有些家长批评他们的孩子的行为和外表的时间比表扬他们的时间还要多，这样也会削减孩子们培养良好的自尊心的能力。
在外表这个问题上，人们还可能会遭受同学或是同龄人的负面评论或是恶意嘲讽。有时候，这样的评论也来源于种族或民族歧视。尽管这些评论通常都源于无知，但有时它们还是会影响一个人的自身形象和自尊心。
健康的自尊心
如果你有积极向上的自身形象，那么你可能会喜欢并接受你自己自然的样子。这种健康的态度让你探索成长过程中的其他方面，比如建立良好的友谊，更加独立于父母，或是在身体和精神上挑战自己。发掘你自身这些方面能够帮助你增强自尊心。
积极乐观的态度能够帮助人们建立强烈的自尊心。例如，当犯错误的时候说“嘿，我只是个普通人”而不是“糟糕，我是个失败者”，或是当事情无法如愿发展的情况下不去责怪别人。
知道什么能让自己开心并且怎样去实现目标能让你感到更有能力，更坚强，更能把握自己的生活。积极的态度和健康的生活方式(比如运动和合理饮食)是建立良好自尊的最佳组合。
提升自身形象的建议
有些人认为，他们需要改变自身的外表或是做事情的方式来让自己感觉良好。但是其实你需要做的只是改变你看待自己的身体的方式以及你对自己的看法。
第一件事就是认识到，不管你胖瘦、高矮或是肤色，你的身体都是你自己的。如果你非常担心你的体重或者身高，找医生检查一下是不是一切都正常。但是你的身体怎么样是你自己的事，和别人无关。最终，你还是要对自己感到满意。
第二件事，确认一下你外表的哪些方面可以改变，哪些你不能改变。每个人(即使是看起来最完美的社会名人)都会有他不能改变而必须接受的东西，就像身高或是鞋子的尺码。
如果有些事情你想改变并且能够改变(比如身体的健康程度)，那么就给自己制定一些目标。例如，如果你想变得健康，那么就制定一个计划，每天锻炼并且吃有营养的食物。然后掌握你的进步状况直到达到你的目标。达到自己设定的挑战是增强自尊心的一个好办法!
陶老师：
如果时间充足的话，建议同学们儿多听，最好能默写哈！
视频精讲 （部分）
Self-Esteem andBody Image
1 I'm fat. I'm tooskinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair,a smaller nose, , bigger muscles, longer legs.
2 Do any of thesestatements sound familiar? （承上句） Are you used to putting yourself down? Ifso, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes （大量的变化） in your body. And as your body changes, so does yourimage of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affecttheir self-esteem.
3 Why AreSelf-Esteem and Body Image Important?
Self-esteem is all about how much peoplevalue themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile theyfeel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affecthow you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, ismore in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more.
Body image is how someone feels about hisor her own physical appearance. For many people, especially those in theirearly teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem. That's because askids develop into teens, they care more about how others see them. （承上句）
4 What Influencesa Person's Self-Esteem?
Puberty
Some teensstruggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because the body goesthrough many changes. (1)These changes, combined with a natural desire to feelaccepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others.They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors andcelebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines.
本部分重点及难点：
1. These changes,combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting forpeople to compare themselves with others.
(1) natural desire 天生的欲望
(2) it can betempting （吸引人的，诱惑人的） for people to compare themselves with
others 中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 for people to compare themselves withothers, for people 作不定式的逻辑主语。注意不定式和动名词逻辑主语的选择 It's selfish of you to think of yourselfall the time （你老是想着自己） .It's important for you to master a foreignlanguage （你掌握一门外语） .It's +adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此类形容词包括： nice, kind, cruel, selfish, selfless, brave, wise,foolish, stupid 等。 Do you mind my/me/ Tom's / Tom opening thewindow （我 / 汤姆开窗） ?His/Tom'shaving left home （他 / 汤姆离家出走） madehis parents very sad.
(2)But it'simpossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that comewith puberty are different for everyone. （承上启下句、主题句） Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers. Some get atemporary layer of fat to prepare for agrowth spurt （急剧增长） ; others fill out permanently, and stillothers feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. (3)It alldepends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act. （承上总结句）
The changes that come with puberty canaffect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girls may feeluncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish thatthey were developing faster. Girls may feet pressure to be thin but guys mayfeel like they don't look big or muscular enough.
本部分重点及难点：
2. But it'simpossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that comewith puberty are different for everyone.measure oneself against ...
对照……评价自己，一较高下，与……较量
3. It all dependson how our genes have programmed our bodies to act.
(1) depend on 取决于 It depends. 看情况吧。
(2) program 使按预定的步骤进行 our genes have programmed our bodies to act 我们的基因已经设定好了身体将如何成长
Outside Influences
It's not just development that affectsself-esteem, though. Many other factors (like media images of skinny girls andbulked-up guys) can affect a person's body image too.
Family life can sometimes influenceself-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the waythey look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop goodself-esteem.
People also may experience negativecomments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers.Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments. Althoughthese often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body imageand self-esteem.
5 Healthy Self-Esteem
If you have a positive body image, youprobably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allowsyou to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing goodfriendships, growing more independent from your parents, and challengingyourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can helpboost your self-esteem.
A positive, optimistic attitude can helppeople develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, "Hey, I'm human"instead of "Wow, I'm such a loser" when you've made a mistake, or notblaming others when things don't go as expected.
Knowing what makes you happy and how tomeet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life.A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle (such as exercising and eatingright) are a great combination for building good self-esteem.
6 Tips for Improving Your Body Image
Some people thinkthey need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actuallyall you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think aboutyourself.
The first thing to do is recognize thatyour body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. Ifyou're very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verifythat things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body islike. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself.
Next, identify which aspects of yourappearance you can realistically change and which you can't. Everyone (even themost perfect-seeming （表面上） celeb) has things about themselves thatthey can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or theirshoe size.
(4)If there are things about yourself thatyou want to change and can (such as how fit you are), do this by making goalsfor yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exerciseevery day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until youreach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way toboost self-esteem!
本部分重点及难点
4. If there arethings about yourself that you want to change and can (such as how fit youare), do this by making goals for yourself. do sth.for oneself Good students shouldlearn to think for themselves. do sth. by oneself Because there was nobody else,he had to do it by himself. live to oneself He bought a house near his widowed mother's because hedidn't want her to live to herself.
陶老师：
每日寄语，基础差，底子薄，就要好好补补才行
努力，很多时候不是为了和别人竞争，只是因为我努力就会有收获，没有那么惊天动地，却可以给我带来更丰厚的回报。或许，这就是我们所有普通人努力奋斗的意义：为了更精彩地活着，为了拥有更多选择的机会，为了遇见更好的自己，为了给爱我们的人一点回馈。
00015英语二更新内容：
1.课文单词精讲
2.课文内容精讲
3.语法精讲
4.习题精讲
内容很丰富，同学们要记得关注，每天学习哈！
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