储备|自考英语(二)必会语法二十讲(十)

一般过去式和现在完成时：

一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去，陈述一个事实，它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如：   last night, in 1999, three days ago  等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：   We have seen that film.  我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。  We saw the film last night.  昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。

注意：有些时间状语，如   this morning,tonight, this month  等，既可用于一般过去时，又可用于现在完成时，但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内，而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如：  I have read this book this April.(  说话时仍然为四月。  ) I read thisbook this April. (  说话时四月份已过。  )

一般过去式和过去完成时的比较：

一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即  "  过去的过去  "  。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时，常用此时态。

如：   He had finished his homework before nineo'clock.  　九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上，一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如：  When he got home, his daughter had alreadygone to bed.  当他到家的时候，他的女儿早已去睡觉了。

在带有  after  和  before  引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。　如：  He called on me soon after he had finishedhis homework.  他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说：  He called on me soon after he finished hishomework.

练习题：

41. When they______ through the forest, a bear_____ at them.   A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came   C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming   42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .   A. watched was finishing B. was watching finished   C. watched finished D. was watching was finishing   43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.   A. did made B. was doing made   C. was doing was making D. did was making   44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.   A. was teaching didn't go B. taught didn't go   C. was teaching went D. taught went   45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.   A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made   46. I ______ a letter at nine last night.   A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing   47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into theclassroom.   A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving   48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.   A. last Sunday B. next Sunday   C. every Sunday D. this Sunday   49. We ______ class meeting this November.   A. had B. have C. will have D. are having   50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.   A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working   51. Be careful. The train ______.   A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming   52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I'm afraid.   A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won't rain   53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.   A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows   54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon   A. Willdoes B. is going to do C. isdoing D. Shall do   55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow Wednesday.   A. is going to be B. willbe C. shallbe D. doesbe   56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.   A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is  57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please A. Aregoing to wake B. Arewaking C. Willwake D. Dowake 58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more. A. will gowill learn B. will gois going to learn C. is going is going to learn D. goes will learn 59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything. A. is going to comeshall tell B. will comeshall tell C. comeswill tell D. comewill tell 60. What day ____ it ____ tomorrow It ____Tuesday. A. is…going to be… is B. will…be…will C. is…going to be…is going D. willbe…will be

参考答案  :41-45 BDCAC 46—50 BDDCA 51—55 DACBB 56—60 CCDCD

136 have trouble(problem) (in) doing sth   做什么事情有麻烦

137 have…time+doing

138 have…(   时间   )…off   放   ……   假   139hear sb +do/doing   听见某人做某事   /   正在做某事

140 help a lot   很大用处

141 help sb with sth\one's sth   帮助某人某事（某方面）   help sb (to) do sth   帮助某人做某事

142 hope to dosth   希望做某事

143 Howabout(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do youlike = what do you think of   你对什么的看法

145 if :   是否＝   wether

eg: I don't know if (wether) I should goto the party   我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if (wether) we willarrive on time tomorrow morning   他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达

146 if :   如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句

eg:I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain   假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州

If they change the plan they willlet me know   假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England,if I have enough money next year   如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国

147 in one's opinion = sb think   某人认为

148 in some ways   在某些方面

149 in the end = finally(adv)   最后

150 in the north of…   什么在什么的北方     （   north   北   sowth   南   west   西   east   东）

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