自考英语二Unit 1A课文

发布时间:2019-12-28 09:30:19   来源:自考网
Critical Reading
Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author putsforth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is activereading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying.Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are thethings you should do to be a critical reader.
批判性阅读适用于非小说类作品,作者提出观点,或者寻求做出陈述。批判性阅读是积极的阅读。它不仅要理解作者所说的话。评判性阅读还包含质疑和评估作者所说的话,并且形成你自己的观点。为了成为批判性读者,就要做到以下几点:
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading somethingthat was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or,you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time contextthan yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account anydifferences between your values and attitudes and those represented by theauthor.
考虑所写内容的语境。你所阅读的文章,其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同。或者文章是以前写的,与你所处的时间也完全不同。无论哪种情况,你都必须辨认出和考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度之间的差异。
Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written atface value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the authorprovides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples,and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author hasintegrated the work of authorities.
质疑作者的主张。不要按照字面意思来理解文章的内容。在接受所写内容之前,要确保作者为他所做的主张提供了足够的支撑。寻找能提供支撑的事实、例证和统计数据。还要看看作者是否结合了权威们的著作。
Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look tosee that what is written is consistent with what others have written about thesubject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support theauthor provides for the inconsistencies.
比较该文章与相同主题的其他文章。看一下文章是否与别人写的同一主题的文章一致。如果有不一致之处,就要仔细评估作者所提供的支撑。
Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever theauthor must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, theauthor's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must readcarefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify anassumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.
分析作者所做的假设。假设就是作者为了提出论断而认为正确的东西。在很多情况下,作者的假设都不是直接表述出来的。这就意味着你必须认真阅读才能找到假设。一旦找到了假设,就必须确定它是否合理。
Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that thesources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the authoris writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that thesources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject ispoetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state,be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein inthe early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing thecurrent state of knowledge in physics.
评估作者所使用的资料来源。在这样做时,一定要确保资料来源是可靠的。例如,如果作者在写物理学上里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦就是可靠的资料来源。而且还要确保资料来源的相关性。当主题是诗歌时,爱因斯坦就不是一个相关的资料来源。最后,如果作者写的是当前的主题,那就要确保来源也是当前的。例如,如果作者讨论的物理知识的现状,那么就不适合使用爱因斯坦在20世纪早期所做的研究作为资料来源。
Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of Americanpolitics will likely look considerably different depending on whether thewriter is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect abiased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when readingwhat the author has written. That is, take what is written with "a grainof salt".
辨认出作者可能持有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党员或民主党员而看起来截然不同。所写内容很可能反映出一种有偏见的看法。在阅读作者的文章时,你就要考虑到这种可能存在的偏见,这就是“有保留地接受”。
By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and maychange your views as appropriate.
做一个评判性读者,你变得更明智,并能适当地改变自己的观点。
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