考前|00015自考英语(二)语法精讲文档(六)

【名词性从句   】

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句  (Noun Clauses  ）。     名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组  ,  它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语  it  代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It  作形式主语和  it  引导强调句的比较

It  作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而  it  引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词  that  。被强调部分指人时也可用  who/whom  。例如：

a)It is a pity that you didn  ’  t go to see the film.  你不去看那场电影真可惜。

b)It doesn  ’  t interest mewhether you succeed or not.  　我对你成功与否不感兴趣

c) It is in themorning that the murder took place.  　谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）

d) It is John that broke the window.  　是  John  打碎的窗户。（强调句型）

2.  用  it  作形式主语的结构

(1) It is  ＋名词   ＋   从句

It is a fact that  …   事实是…

It is an honor that  …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that  …是常识

(2) It is  ＋形容词   ＋   从句

It is natural that  …   很自然…

It is strange that  …   奇怪的是…

(3) It is  ＋不及物动词   ＋   从句

It seems that  …   似乎…

It happened that  …   碰巧…

It appears that  …   似乎…

(4) It  ＋过去分词   ＋   从句

It is reported that  …   据报道…

It has been proved that  …   已证实…

It is said that  …   据说…

3.  主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：

（  1  ）  if  引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

（  2  ）  It is said /reported  …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：  It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.

错误表达：  That President Jiang will visitour school next week is said.

（  3  ）  It happens/occurs  …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：  It occurred to him that hefailed in the examination.

错误表达：  That he failed in theexamination occurred to him.

（  4  ）  It doesn  ’  t matter how/whether  …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：  It doesn  ’  t matter whether he is wrong ornot.

错误表达：  Whether he is wrong or notdoesn  ’  t matter.

（  5  ）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：  Is it likely that it will rainin the evening?

错误表达：  Is that will rain in theevening likely?

4. what  与  that  在引导主语从句时的区别

what  引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而  that  则不然。例如：

a)What you said yesterday is right.

b)That she is still alive is a consolation

1. be able to do   能够做

After paying great efforts, he is able to speak English fluently.     2. be about to do   正要做     As I was about to say, you interrupted me.     3. add… to…   把   ……   加   ……     If you add 5 to 5, you get ten.     If the tea is too strong, add some hot water.     This adds to our difficulties.     4. be afraid of   害怕     I was afraid of hurting her feelings.     5. go against   反对     We don't agree with the proposal, because it goes against the law.     6. agree on   达成一致     We agreed on an early start/making a early start.     We all agree on the terms.     7.agree to do   同意做     My father has agreed to buy me a new computer.     8. agree with   同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与   ……   相符     I don't agree with you on this point.     Your story agrees with what I had already heard.     The climate doesn't agree with me.     The mussels I had for lunch haven't agreed with me.     The verb agrees its subject in number and person.     9. be angry with   对   ……   生气     He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake.     He was angry at being kept waiting.     10. be anxious about   对   ……   担心     I was anxious about my son's health.     11. apply for   申请     I have applied to the Consul for the visa.     12. take sth. in one's arms   把   ……   抱在怀里     She took a bunch of roses in her arms.     13. take up arms   拿起武器     We should take up our arms to defend our motherland.     14. arrive in/at a place   达到某地     My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday.     I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time.     15. ask (sb.) for sth.   向（某人）要某物     You shouldn't ask your parents for money any more.     16. pay attention to   对   ……   注意     When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to.     17. be away from   远离   ……     When you friend is in trouble, don't be away from him/her; instead, you shouldtry your best to help.     18. go/run away   逃跑     It's dangerous! Go/run away immediately.     19. beat… to death   将   ……   打死     He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing.     20. go to bed   上床休息     I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before.

21. make the bed   铺床

You are old enough to make the beds by yourself.     22. beg one's pardon   请某人再说一遍     Sorry I didn't catch it. I beg your pardon.     23. begin… with   以   ……   开始     The party began with a cheerful song.     24. believe in   信仰     In western countries, many people believe in God.     25. belong to   属于     That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable.     26. do one's best   尽最大的努力     If you have done your best, then there's nothing to regret.     27. had better   最好     You had better stop smoking.     28. blow away   吹走     The wind blew the heat away.     29. take a boat   乘船     I took a boat to go to the island in the center of the lake.     30. be born   出生

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