新概念英语笔记--第一册第118课
发布时间：2019-06-07 17:03:34 来源：自考网--------------- begin ----------------
Part A/练习过去正在进行时态
过去正在进行时态，表示过去正在进行的动作或事情。采用过去进行时态的句子，其谓语部分为"was/were+doing"。过去正在进行时态有一种时刻标记作用，在句子里的角色和时间状语"at 8:00, at noon"类似。在表述过去发生的两件事情之间的关系时，过去正在进行时态常常出现。
1. He knocked at the door, when I was answering the phone.
说明：结构上，本句是个主从复合句。主句是个主谓结构，"at the door"是个介词短语，在句子里做表示对象的状语。"knock at"也是个常见搭配，可以看作一个等效动词"KNOCK"，意思为“敲击 ...”。从句是个主谓宾结构。从时态视角来看，主句采用一般过去时态，从句采用过去正在进行时态。很明显，从句标记了一个时刻，在这个时刻，主句表述的事情发生了。把这里的主句也改写成过去正在进行时态，表达的意思也一样，只是看起来比较别扭，不太符合英语习惯。而语言，本质上就是习惯。
2. He came downstairs, when I was having breakfast.
说明：本句为主从复合句，主句为主谓结构，downstairs是个副词，做状语，表示方位方向。从句为主谓宾结构。时态部分要点同第一组句子。
3. The phone rang, when I was washing the dishes.
说明：本句为主从复合句，主句为主谓结构，从句为主谓宾结构。时态部分要点同第一组句子。
4. The boss arived, when she was typing a letter.
说明：本句要点同第三组句子。
5. The train left, when I was buying the tickets.
说明：本句要点同第三组句子。
6. It rained heavily, when I was driving to London.
说明：本句主句为主谓结构，heavily副词做程度状语。when引导的从句为主谓结构，"to London"介词短语做表示方位的状语成分。
Part B/练习过去正在进行时态
1a. What were you doing when he arrived?(cook a meal)
1b. When he arrived, I was cooking a meal.
说明：本组两个句子均为主从复合句，1a主句是个特殊疑问句，主谓宾结构，采用过去正在进行时态。1a从句是个主谓结构，采用一般过去时态。在主从复合句中，一般过去时态总是伴随着过去正在进行时态一起出现。1b主句为主谓宾结构，采用过去正在进行时态，1b从句为主谓结构，采用一般过去时。
2a. What were you doing when he arrived?(wash the dishes)
2b. When he arrived, I was washing the dishes.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
3a. What were you doing when he arrived?(work in the garden)
3b. When he arrived, I was working in the garden.
说明：3a句要点与1a句全同，3b主句为主谓结构，"in the garden"为介词短语，做地点状语。
4a. What were you doing when he arrived?(type letters)
4b. When he arrived, I was typing letters.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
5a. What were you doing when he arrived?(shave)
5b. When he arrived, I was shaving.
说明： 本组句子要点与第三组句子全同。shave动词，意思是“剃须”。
6a. What were you doing when he arrived?(boil the milk)
6b. When he arrived, I was boiling the milk.
说明： 本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
7a. What were you doing when he arrived?(phone my sister)
7b. When he arrived, I was phoning my sister.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
8a. What were you doing when he arrived?(dust the bedroom)
8b. When he arrived, I was dusting the bedroom.
说明： 本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。dust动词，意思是“清扫灰尘/拂去灰尘”。
Part C/练习过去正在进行时态
1a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(have a wash)
1b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was having a wash.
说明：本组两个句子均为主从复合句。1a主句为特殊疑问句，主谓宾结构，采用过去正在进行时态；1a从句为主谓宾结构，采用过去正在进行时态。1b句主、从句均为主谓宾结构，且均采用过去正在进行时态。这也说明当主句采用过去正在进行时态的时候，从句可以用一般现在时，也可以用过去正在进行时态。具体用那个，要看表述的是什么事件，即语境和使用习惯。
2a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(watch television)
2b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was watching television.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
3a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(clean his shoes)
3b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was cleaning his shoes.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
4a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(listen to the radio)
4b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was listening to the radio.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子类似。仅只4b主句采用主谓结构，"to the radio"为介词短语，做状语，表示对象。
5a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(change his suit)
5b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was changing his suit.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
6a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(sit in the dining room)
6b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was sitting in the dining room.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子类似。仅只6b主句采用主谓结构，"in the dining room"为介词短语，做地点状语。
7a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(read the paper)
7b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was reading the paper.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子全同。
8a. What was he doing while you were cooking the dinner?(drive home from work)
8b. While I was cooking the dinner, he was driving home from work.
说明：本组句子要点与第一组句子类似。仅只8b主句采用主谓结构，"from work"介词短语，做状语，表示情况、由来等。
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