商务英语口译评价标准

摘要：As business English is a field with its own characteristics, business interpretation hassome specific principles and techniques, so it is necessary to come up with some standards forbusiness interpreters.

Chapter I A Brief Review Of Interpretation

1.1 history of Interpretation

People may wonder, what is interpretation Is it same to the concept of translation Maybe, attending an international conference can give you direct and vivid experience ofhearing the constant voice of an interpreter transmitting through the earphone. However, mostpeople do not have such opportunities, so imagine a group of people sitting in a room,theymay be politicians, businessman or women, trade unionists and scientists. They wish toexchange ideas and discuss their work but speak total different languages,none of themspeaks the other’s language well enough for the discussion to be useful. So they invitesomeone else in,who speaks both languages, to explain what each is saying in turn, and thatperson is an interpreter. By bridging the gap between languages, the interpreter helps speakersto discharge their duty to make themselves understood and help listeners to know what isbeing said during the meeting.Interpretation can be defined in a nutshell as conveying understanding. Its usefulnessstems from the fact that a speaker’s meaning is best expressed in his or her native tongue butis best understood in the languages of the listeners(James Nolan, 2008:2). Interpretation hasbeen in existence ever since mankind has used the spoken word , it is one of the oldest jobs inthe history and makes a large contribution to the relationships and exchanges between peopleof different origins.

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1.2General Classifications of Conference Interpretation

What is the difference between consecutive interpretation and simultaneousinterpretation A brief comparison will answer this question.A consecutive interpreter listens to the speaker, takes notes, then reproduces the speechin the target language. Depending on the length of the speech, this may be done all at onesegments or in several ones. The consecutive interpreter depends mainly on memory, butgood note-taking technique is an important need.A simultaneous interpreter sitting in a soundproof booth, listens to the speaker throughearphones and speaking into a microphone, reproduces the speech as it is being delivered ,the simultaneous interpreter works in real time, and can only lag behind the speaker for a fewseconds, after the speaker finishes, the interpretation should be fast and efficient. This modeneeds quick response and the ability of working under much stress.Consecutive interpretation was once the standard method, since simultaneousinterpretation was first widely tried out and thanks to the invention of modern soundequipments, SI is becoming the most popular method, in various meetings, from businessconferences, negotiations, to summits, and if necessary, remote interpreting is alsofeasible.With participants speaking a number of languages without interruption, it can saveprecious time and enable a bilingual or multi-lingual summit.

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Chapter II A Brief Analysis on the Evaluation Of Business Interpretation

2.1 Basic Characteristics of Business English

Business English is especially related to international economics and foreign trade. It is aa special field within English language learning and teaching, On the one hand, it emphasison vocabulary and topics in business, trade, finance, and so on. On the other hand, it refers tocommunication and language skills needed for regular business affairs, like productpresentations, bi-lateral negotiations, meetings, social activities, and comer cecorre spondence,etc.Business English may also be defined as “English used in business contexts” in the bookof Alexander and Jones (2000), it shares common characteristics with general English and hasother unique linguistic features, so coping with them to the actual situation is advisable. Being polite never costs a penny and wins it all(Michel de Montaigne:2001:16). The keyof being polite is learning how to use the words appropriately Here are 3 ways to facilitate abusiness talk and make it more polite.First, imperative sentences should be changed into euphemistic sentences. Will you...,would you...and could you.... are recommended, e.g:

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2.2 Criteria of Business Interpreting

2.2.1 Faithfulness

Faithfulness is the highest standard of the evaluation of translation and interpretation,and this standard should be stricter when it is applied in Business interpreting , it means theaccurate interpretation of words, meaning, numbers, as well as style of the speaker. Inbusiness activities, interpreters must choose right words, exact expression, accurate numbersand unit. Because any misinterpretation may cause misunderstanding or confusion whichwould devastate the negotiation or bring huge losses to the parties. It has also been proved as one of the top criteria for evaluating the interpretation. In thebusiness negotiation, the interpreters should interpret all the details. Because any omission ofone word might change a term in contract and bring great losses to the negotiating parties，Smoothness requires both logical cohesion of utterance and the fluency of delivery. Theinterpreters should avoid words like uh, I mean, well, How should I say it ,and hesitationfillers,and do their best to overcome some bad speaking habits.Interpreters should learn how to control the atmosphere , how to interpret the improperremarks and avoid the conflicts due to cultural differences. Business negotiation is a verycomplex situation. And the interpreter, should work hard to achieve the goals of removinglanguage barriers and even serving as a business assistant.However, this standard is hard to bequantified．

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Chapter II A Brief Analysis on the Evaluation of Business Interpretation......7

2.1 Basic Characteristics of Business English.......7

2.2 Criteria for Business Interpreting......12

Chapter III Interpreting Techniques for Business Interpreter......14

3.1 Qualifications of Business Interpreter......14

3.2 Interpreting Techniques for Business Interpreters.........14

3.3 The Pleasure of being an interpreter........18

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Chapter III Interpreting Skills for Business Interpreter

3.1 Qualifications of interpreter

An important goal of business negotiation is to win benefits. Participating parties willexpress their own opinions unintentionally. As an interpreter, his or her duty is not only tointerpret successfully, but also to help participating parties to gain double benefits, so thebusiness interpreter is actually an assurance in international business activity and a bridge ofall countries’ exhibition, trade and economic exchanges. Above all, the skills of businessinterpretation will be count for much, and will be increased with continuously practice(Chen,2004: 34)Being an interpreter should have its qualifications, First, a professional interpretershould have solid foundation in bilingual knowledge. Perfect listening skills in both thesource and target language is a precondition. Second, an interpreter should also be equippedwith extensive extra linguistic knowledge, including common sense, cultural knowledge,subject knowledge , contextual and situational knowledge.The third qualification is to haveunerring interpreting techniques, including skills in listening for sense, memory, note-taking,public speaking, language transference, interpreting figures, summarization, coping tacticsand etc. The fourth qualification is to have sound physical quality. Last but not the least, aprofessional interpreter should maintain good ethics-based conduct.

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Conclusion

As business English is a field with its own characteristics, business interpretation hassome specific principles and techniques, so it is necessary to come up with some standards forbusiness interpreters. Besides bilingual even multi-lingual proficiency, keeping up with thetime and strong sense of duty are also of great importance for their jobs.Entering into the new century, fast development of world economy and the everincreasing business and economic exchanges require more and more professional interpreterswho should not only be good,in linguistic ability but can also handle various businessactivities, especially some complex business negotiations. For any profession, a set of normsor standards is essential for regulating and promoting it. However, most interpreters workingin business activities are not qualified enough, leading to a huge gap between the highdemand and low supply in the interpretation market , it is urgent to make this newoccupation further regulated. In business interpretation, professional norms are not onlyuseful for relevant institutions to assess the performance of the interpreters but also providea system or mechanism to improve their work. Furthermore, interpreting training requireseffective and practical evaluation to make its training programs successful.