零基础教程|1910考期自考英语（二）第二单元习题精讲

第一单元 A部分Critical Reading

1习题文本

1 、Good Communication forMaking Friends

As a communicationskills trainer, I've met a wide range of people. Some people have troubleassociating with others and have difficulty making friends. So I would like todiscuss two key points to making good friends. The first is to show respect andlove for your friends through your words. Try to say things to others thatwould feel good to you if you heard them. For example, say things like,"Thanks for the great time" and "It was really nice to get toknow you."If you are not good at speaking, then smiling and using bodylanguage to express your sincerity is also an effective way to communicate.Additionally, I recommend that when you meet someone new send them an e-mail orletter before the day is over to express how nice it was to meet them.

The goal of goodcommunication is to reach another person's heart and form a comfortablerelationship. It is, therefore, based the premise that you get rid of yourworries and become a bright and positive person. When there is static noiseover the phone line, you can't hear the other person clearly, right In thesame way, when your mind is full of worries and you try to communicate withanother person, you cannot give or receive messages accurately. For example,let's say you are still tied to a past wound of being betrayed by a friend andfeeling hurts .Even if you meet someone new and he or she tells you,"Let's be good friends," you may not be able to accept it because youwill hear a negative inner voice saying something like "I

might be betrayedagain" or "the person might have a hidden agenda."With thisworry in your mind, you will not be able to make friends.

If you can be refreshedand get rid of your worries, you should be able to sense others' thoughts andfeelings without prejudice and build a relationship of trust. If you reallycan't let go of your painful past experience, then try to change yourperspective on the experience.

For example, try tothink that it was a necessary lesson for you to understand others' pain. If youcan think of the positive intention behind the event, then you will be able toview the experience favourably and feel better.

<1> 、 The main topic of the passage is________. ( )

A 、 how to communicate with others

B 、 how to refresh yourself

C 、 how to forget the past unhappiness

D 、 how to show respect and love for your friends

<2> 、 The effective way to communicate includes________.( )

A 、 showing respect and love for friends with words

B 、 smiling and using body language

C 、 sending an e-mail or letter

D 、 All of the above

<3> 、 The effective way to communicate includes________.( )

A 、 showing respect and love for friends with words

B 、 smiling and using body language

C 、 sending an e-mail or letter

D 、 All of the above

<4> 、 Which of the following statements is NOT true accordingto the passage ()

A 、 Body language is as effective as saying things that willmake friends feel better.

B 、 If you distrust others, then it's difficult for you tomake new friends.

C 、 The writer conducted a research on how people communicatewith their friends.

D 、 Minds full of worries will do great harm to interpersonalrelationship

<5> 、 The example in paragraph 2 is intended to showthat________. ( )

A 、 the goal of good communication is to reach anotherperson's heart

B 、 the goal of good communication is to form a comfortablerelationship

C 、 good communication is based on the premise that you getrid of your worries and become a bright and positive person

D 、 it does take time for someone to forget all about thepainful past

<6> 、 In the sentence "the person might have a hiddenagenda" (para.2) ,the word "agenda" means________. ( )

A 、 relationship

B 、 plan

C 、 worry

D 、 past

1 、Overcoming Difficulties

① Life is fullof difficulties and obstacles, from birth to death. At times, Life seems like ahurdle race. We are sure of encountering hurdles, but almost always we aretaken by surprise. It is necessary to accept that life in general is full ofdifficulties and adversities. This recognition is the first step. When facedwith problems, we often feel, "I am the only one having suchproblems" Or, we tend to exaggerate our problems and regard them as mostcomplex, most painful，and as an extreme case.But if we look around us, we find people in much worse conditions. As St.Augustine said, "I cried for boots, till I saw a man who had nolegs."

② When facedwith difficulties, we either complain or seek to dodge them. We behave like asostrich in the desert. It is said that when there is a storm in the desert, theostrich buries his head in the sand-hoping that the storm will go away if heignores it-and finally gets buried under a heap of sand and dies. Some of uschoose to pretend that the problems do not exist. We fail to realize thatconfronting and solving the problem-no painful the process-makes us grow.

③ Accept thewoes of birth. It has many implied meanings. First, it means"accepting," i.e., being able to say that it is "my"problem and it is up to me to solve it. Many times we find ourselves puttingthe blame on others-parents, society or the circumstances of life. Nothinghappens by chance, but all is the result of our past actions. There are timeswhen what is needed is patience. We seek to come out of an unpleasant situationquickly. We must understand that if the cause had been operating for a longtime, the effect also would last long-as even when the gas has been turned off,the burner remains hot for a long time. Similarly, we expect quick results;having put in the effort, we must be willing to wait. Patient acceptance ofwhat is due to us makes us makes us take a step further in our development.

④ Once we havelearnt to deal with a difficulty, the next time we encounter it, it ceases tobe a difficulty. But, more often than not the cause of the problem is internal,i.e., within us, and often, it calls for a change. Often the difficulty issolved when we are willing to change—our way ofthinking, our feelings, our likes and dislikes—and ready toadapt or adjust ourselves to a problematic situation or a person in life. Wemust realize that realize that change is inevitable, and always be mentallyprepared for it.

⑤ Not alllife's problems are such that they need to be dealt with all at once. Sometimesit is possible to take a step and wait for a long time. For instance, if thetap is leaking then we need to call a plumber as soon as we can. But havingcalled him and having found that he can come only the following morning, weshould wait patiently for the next 24 hours. In this period, people can getvery anxious and go on talking about it to others. There are many such problemsin life.

16. Paragraph ① ___________

17. Paragraph ② ___________

18. Paragraph ③ ___________

19. Paragraph ④ ___________

20. Paragraph ⑤ ___________

21. It's of greatnecessity to accept that life in general is full of__________.

22. Faced withdifficulties, people either complain or___________.

23. We often put ourproblems____________.

24. Sometimes problemsdo need taking a step and __________.

25. While waiting for a long time ， people tendto become______.

<1> 、16.

<2> 、17.

<3> 、18.

<4> 、19.

<5> 、20.

<6> 、21.

<7> 、22.

<8> 、23.

<9> 、24.

<10> 、25.

1 、300 Hurdles

Now comes the first hurdle. __26__ We all make it over this hurdle withease. This symbolizes

Those obstacles in life that we struggle to get over, but we always manageto do so. You can look at that hurdle in two ways: "I can’t make it over,I’m too tired" or "I am one more hurdle closer to finishing thisrace". This is an example of taking a negative situation and seeingsomething positive in it.

The next part of the race is every hurdle between the first and last one.__27__ This happens a lot in life too. There may be a situation that ariseswhere you feel as though you can’t make it and all you can think about isgiving up. You may fall over that "hurdle" or struggle getting overit, but somehow you find it in yourself to jump over it and move on with therace.

Next is that last 100m of the race. You feel as though you just want tosay, "No I can't do this." __28__

Now lastly is the last hurdle. This hurdle is the toughest out of all ofthem. In life we find ourselves falling and falling, and maybe getting too lostin our problems that we fell like have been though enough and there’s no hope.__29__ It's one step close to the end of the race.

Once you finish, you look back on it and you realize that you made it notby leaping, but step by step. "Yard by yard, life is very hard. But inchby inch, life can be a cinch."___30___

<1> 、 26.

<2> 、 27.

<3> 、 28.

<4> 、 29.

<5> 、 30.

2参考答案

1 、<1> 、

【 正确答案 】 A

【 答案解析 】 本文作者主要谈论了怎样通过交流来结交朋友。因此选项 A 符合题意。其他三个选项是作者在文中提到的，我们进行交流时应该注意的几个具体方法。答案为 A 。

<2> 、

【 正确答案 】 D

【 答案解析 】 作者在第一段中提到了三点有效沟通的方式，其中前两点最为重要，即选项 A 和 B 的内容，另外还提到了一个建议即选项 C 的内容。因此三个选项的内容都包括了。答案为 D 。

<3> 、

【 正确答案 】 D

【 答案解析 】 作者在第一段中提到了三点有效沟通的方式，其中前两点最为重要，即选项 A 和 B 的内容，另外还提到了一个建议即选项 C 的内容。因此三个选项的内容都包括了。答案为 D 。

<4> 、

【 正确答案 】 C

【 答案解析 】 本题可采用排除法。第一段中，作者谈到了有关肢体语言能帮助我们有效交流的内容，因此选项 A 正确。第二段后半部分，作者举例讲了交友中如果不信任对方会出现什么情况，因此选项 B 正确。第二、三段作者重点讲了交友中焦虑带来的负面影响，并给出了克服它的方法；因此选项 D 也正确。答案为 C 。

<5> 、

【 正确答案 】 C

【 答案解析 】 作者所举例子是消极、焦虑的情绪在交友中无法获取正确的信息。用这个反面的例子是为了说明，我们应该克服焦虑情绪，变得快乐、积极。选项 C 符合上述内容。答案为 C 。

<6> 、

【 正确答案 】 B

【 答案解析 】 这句话出现在作者所举的反面例子中。人们头脑中出现的焦虑情绪会怀疑对方有潜藏计划或某种秘密企图。 agenda 可理解为某种计划、企图。答案为 B 。

1 、

<1> 、

【 正确答案 】 C

【 答案解析 】 选项 C 概括了原文第一段的主要内容，即承认生命中充满了困难是我们克服困难的第一步。答案为 C 。

<2> 、

【 正确答案 】 F

【 答案解析 】 本段作者讲了我们在面对困难时的做法，逃避或者面对。关键句是段首和段尾句。只有选项 F 符合上述内容。答案为 F 。

<3> 、

【 正确答案 】 A

【 答案解析 】 本段中心句为第一、二句，即 Accept the woes （麻烦） of birth 和 It has many implied meanings ，选项 A 符合此意。答案为 A 。

<4> 、

【 正确答案 】 E

【 答案解析 】 本段多次提到了关键词 “change” ，中心句为最后一句，即我们必须意识到改变不可避免，而且要从思想上做好准备。答案为 E 。

<5> 、

【 正确答案 】 D

【 答案解析 】 本段作者讲了许多问题不可能一下子得到解决，有的需要采取不同步骤来解决，有的甚至需要花费很长的时间。选项 D 符合此意。答案为 D 。

<6> 、

【 正确答案 】 D

【 答案解析 】 本题根据原文第一段第四句 It is necessary to acceptthat life in general is full of difficulties and adversities 可得出答案。答案为 D 。

<7> 、

【 正确答案 】 A

【 答案解析 】 本题根据原文第二段段首句 When faced withdifficulties ， we either complainor seek to dodge them 可得出答案。答案为 A 。

<8> 、

【 正确答案 】 F

【 答案解析 】 本题根据原文第三段第四句 Many times we find… oflife 可得出答案。答案为 F 。

<9> 、

【 正确答案 】 C

【 答案解析 】 本题根据原文第五段第二句 Sometimes it is possibleto take a step and wait for a long time 可得出答案。答案为 C 。

<10> 、

【 正确答案 】 E

【 答案解析 】 本题根据原文第五段倒数第二句 In this period ， people can get very anxious and go on talking about it toother 可得出答案。答案为 E 。

1 、

<1> 、

【 正确答案 】 A

【 答案解析 】 填空处上一句引出了第一个栏，可以推断出作者将对这第一个栏进行描写。选项 A 符合上述内容，同时 “this” 是对上一句 “the first hurdle” 的指代。答案为 A 。

<2> 、

【 正确答案 】 E

【 答案解析 】 根据上一题的解题思路可知，作者在此引出了中间部分的跨栏，因此填空处应填入对这部分跨栏的描写。选项 E 符合此内容，同时 “these” 是对上句中 “every hurdle between the first and last one” 的指代。答案为 E 。

<3> 、

【 正确答案 】 B

【 答案解析 】 上文提到当我们来到最后 100 米跨栏时，我们想说 “ 不，我做不到。 ” 与上段一样，作者先提出困难然后指出应该克服困难。因此应填入表示克服困难的句子。选项 B 中的 you can do it... you must finish the race… 符合此意，并与上句的 “I can't do this” 相对应。答案为 B 。

<4> 、

【 正确答案 】 D

【 答案解析 】 本段作者介绍了比赛中的最后一个栏，它象征着我们生命中最棘手的境遇。因此填空处应填入表示 “ 最后一个栏 ” 、 “ 最艰难环境 ” 等内容。选项 D 符合此意。答案为 D 。

<5> 、

【 正确答案 】 C

【 答案解析 】 文章最后应选择一句有概括意义的句子。答案为 C 。