储备|自考英语(二)必会语法二十讲(六)

不定式的构成非常简单，是  to+  动词原形。  to  有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。什么时候可以不带  to

不定式省  to  有四种情况：

使役动词  let,have,make  等后接不定式。如：  Lethim go!  让他走  !

would rather  ，  had better  后。如：  You had better stay at home.  你最好呆在家里。

Why... /why not...  后。如：  Why not have a good rest on Sunday?  为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢  ?

感官动词  see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel,find  等后作宾补，省  to  。如：  I sawhim dance.  我看见他跳舞。

注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省  to  哟！如：  The boss made them work the whole night.  变成被动句：  They were made to work the whole night.

不定式的特殊用法：

It  与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语  it  代替，而把真正主语  (  即不定式  )  放于句尾。

如  : It is not difficult for me to studyEnglish well.(  对我来说学好英语是可能的。  )

不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如  find  ，  think  ，  believe  等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用  it  作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。

如  : I found it difficult to fall asleep.  我发现很难入睡。

还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在  how  ，  when  ，  where  ，  what  ，  which  等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：  I don't know how to use a computer.  我不知道怎样使用电脑。

too...to...  和  enough...to  ：  too...to  表达  "  太  ...  一致于不能  ..."  。

enough ... to  表达  "  足以  ..."  。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。

练习题：

1. The teacher told them________ make so much noise.

A.don’t   B. not   C. will not   D. not to 2. Our master often told us _______things for granted.   A.not to have   B. not to take C. didn’t take   D.not to make 3. 电话l him _______ the window.   A.to shut not   B. not to shut   C.to not shut   D. not shut 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicyclein the street, but his mother told him ______.   A. not to   B.not to do   C. not do it   D.do not to 5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter________ after drinking.   A.never to drive   B. to never drive   C.never driving   D. never drive   6.The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.   A.to eat not   B. eating not   C.not to eat   D. not eating   7.The workers want us ________ together with them.   A.work   B. working   C. to work   D. worked   8.They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.   A.to risk going   B. risking to go C. for risk to go   D. risk going   9.I saw him _______ out of the room.   A.go   B.had gone   C. has gone   D.goes   10.They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.   A.grow   B. grew   C. was growing   D.to grow   11.I’ve heard him _______ about you often.   A.spoke   B. speaks   C.speak   12.Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by hislittle sister.   A.cry  ；  tocry   B.crying  ；  cryingC. cry  ；  cry   D. to cry  ；  cry   13.He was made _________.   A.go   B.gone   C. going   D. to go   14.John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.   A.to wash   B. washing   C.wash   D. to be washing   15.Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.   A.learn   B. to learn   C.learned   D. learning   16.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind_____ to buy.   A.what   B. which   C. how   D.where   17.There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.   A.where to choose   B. which to choose   C.to choose what   D. to choose which   18.“ Have you decided when ________?” “Yes, tomorrow morning.”   A.to leave   B. to be leaving C. will you leave   D. are you leaving   19.Last summer I took a course on ________.   A.how to make dresses   B. how dresses be made   C.how to be made dresses   D. how dresses to be made   20.He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.   A.whether   B. if   C. either   D. if he will   21.She pretended _______ me when I passed by.   A.not to see   B. not seeing C. to not see   D. having not seen   22.--- The light in the office is still on.--- Oh, I forgot _______.   A.turning it off   B. turn it off   C.to turn it off   D. having turned it off   23.We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.   A.having met   B. meeting   C.to meet   D. to have met   24.Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.   A.to be taken   B. to take   C. being taken   D.taking   25.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours tofinish a report.   A.to go   B. to have gone   C. going   D.having gone   26.Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.   A.make friend with   B. make friends of   C.make friends   D. make friends with   27.Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.   A.to do   B. doing   C. with   D. tobe doing   28.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the sideof the path.   A.to have rested   B. resting   C. to rest   D. rest   29.Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.   A.so not as to   B. so as not to   C.so as to not   D. not so as to   30.I need a day or two ________.   A.to think it over   B. to think over   C. of thinking   31.He was too excited _________.   A.speak   B. to speak   C. not to speak   D.speaking   32.Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.   A.to invent   B. inventing   C.to have invented   D. having invented   33.He said he would rather not _______ it right now.   A.doing   B. to do   C. do   D. tobe doing   34.Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.   A.ride  ；  ride   B. riding  ；  ride   C.ride  ；  to ride   D. to ride  ；  riding   35.It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.   A.had better to   B. had better   C.would better   D. would better to   36.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.   A.sit   B.sit on   C. be sit   D. be sat on   37.I’m hungry. Get me something _________.   A.eat   B.to eat   C. eating   D. for eating   38.--- I usually go there by train.   --- Why not _______ by boat for a change?   A.to try going   B. trying to go   C.to try and go   D. try going   39.She did nothing _______ at the photo.   A.except look   B. but to look   C.except to look   D. but looking   40.I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all theproblems.   A.spend   B. spare   C. save   D.share   41.They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.   A.to be treated   B. being treated C.treated   D. be treated   42.John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.   A.to be cleaned   B. to clean   C.cleaning   D. cleaned   43.The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.   A.being discussed   B. discussed C. tobe discussed   D. to discuss   44.He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.   A.tired  ；  learned   B. tiring  ；  learning   C.to tire  ；  to learn   D. tired  ；  tolearn   45.--- Did that book give the information you needed?   --- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.   A.for finding it   B. to find it   C.finding it   D. by finding it   46.I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.   A.to take   B. taking   C. to bring   D.bringing   47.She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.   A.to have lunch   B. to eat   C.to eat at   D. eating at   48.This problem is said _____ three times.   A.to have been talked   B. to have discussed   C.having been discussed   D. to have been talked about   49.Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.   A.be taken   B. taking   C. to take   D. tohave taken   50.I prefer ____ rather than ______.   A.read  ；  watch   B. to read  ；  watch C. reading  ；  to watch   D. toread  ；  to watch

答案：1-5DBBAA   6-10 CCAAA   11-15 CADAB   16-20BBAAA   21-25ACCAB   26-30 DACBA   31-35 BCCCB   36-40BBDAB   41-45DDCDB   46-50 CCDDB解析：1  ．  电话l sb.not to do sth  告诉某人不做某事    2  ．  take sthfor granted “  把某事想当然  ”  ，是一个固定词组。  Eg. You shouldn’t take it forgranted that everyone should help you.  你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。    4.  不定式的省略要保留到  to,  否则就完整地表达，如  :…but his mother told him notto do so.   5.warn sb not to do sth.  此处用  never  替代  not.   8.allow sb to do sth  允许某人做某事；  risk doing sth  冒险做某事    9.see sb do sth  看见某人做某事    12.make sb do  让某人做某事，但用于被动结构后，则要用不定式符号  to  连接。    16  ．  which  用于有范围中的  “  哪一个  ”  ，此处作  buy  的宾语。    18  ．  when +todo  做  decide  的宾语，若用  when  引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序。

21.pretend to do  假装做某事。    22  ．  forgetto do sth  忘记（要）做某事。    24  ．  shouldlove to be taken to …  愿意被带去  ……   25  ．因为状语是  lastnight  ，用不定式的完成式表示本想  ……   27.go on to do sth.  继续做（与原来不相同的）事。此句可以从  the other exercise  断定。    28  ．  stop todo sth.  停下来（去）做  ……   32  ．被动语态后用不定式连接，根据句意用完成式。

33.would rather not do sth.  宁愿不做某事。    34.prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.  宁愿做  ……  不愿做  ……   37  ．  to eat  此处作  something  的定语。  for+doing  多表用途。    38.why not do sth…“  为什么不  ……”  ；  try doing sth  试一试    39  ．  Donothing but do sth,  　此处用  except  替代  but   40.spare sb. sth  匀出、腾出  ……  ，宾语为  sb.  ；  share  分享，宾语为  sth.   41.let sb do,  此处用的是被动语态    42  ．  getsth. done  让某事被做    44  ．  tired  此处是过去分词，表示主语的状态。  onlyto learn…  此处的不定式表结果。    45  ．此处的  tofind it,  表示目的    47.to eat at the restaurant,  介词  at  不能丢    48.  此处使用的是不定式的完成被动式。表示  “  曾经被讨论过三次  ”  。

76 because+   句子   because of +   短语

eg : He was late because he had aheadache He was late because of hisheadache

77 begin to do =start to do   开始做某事   start…with…=begin…with…   以什么开始什么

78 between…and…   两者之间

79 borrow sth fromsb   向   ……   借   …… lend sth to sb ( lend sbsth   借给   ……   什么东西

80 both = thesame(as) = not different(from)   表相同

81 bother   打扰   bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry tobother you ,but can you 电话l me to way to the station

我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

82 by the endof   到   ……   为止

83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

85 catch up withsb   赶上某人

86 chat with sb   和某人闲谈   take sb to +   地点     带某人去某地

87 come in   进

88 come over to   过来

89 come up with   提出   eg: Can you come up with a good idea   你能想出一个好办法吗？

90 communicate withsb   和某人交流

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